Pronunciation -- Phonetics Articulation Animated

http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/english/frameset.html

Additional Prefixes

Emoticons

Emoticons

from http://www.computeruser.com/resources/dictionary/emoticons.html

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An emoticon is a textual expression representing the face of a writer's mood or facial expression. For example, :), :(, and :D. They are often used to alert a responder to the tenor or temper of a statement, and can change and improve interpretation of plain text. To View more emoticon Listings Click here Listing by Characters | 0-9 | ! | # | $ | % | & | ( | * | + | - | / | : | ; | < | = | ? | @ | B | D | I | M | N | O | P | Q | W | X | [ | \ | ] | ^ | `| { | | | } | ~ Word Definition       :-V Shouting       :-d~ Heavy smoker       :-|| Very angry       B:-) Sunglasses on head       d :-o Hats off to you!       ~:-( Flame message       IOHO In Our Humble Opinion       :-> Smile of happiness or sarcasm       :->< Puckered up to kiss       8-| Wide-eyed surprise       :@ What?       :^D Happy, approving       ][ Back to back       :-{} Blowing a kiss        :-r Sticking tongue out       =:-) Punk, or hosehead       =^D Big grin       =^* Kisses       -) Tongue in cheek       :.( Crying       : ( Sad       : | Bored, sad       +:-) Priest To View More emoticon Listings Click here    Browse By Categories List 1 ) Y2K Terms 2 ) Emoticons 3 ) Chat Stuff 4 ) HTML Tags 5 ) File Types 6 ) Domains 7 ) Virus Terms 8 ) Communications 9 ) Electronics 10 ) Hardware 11 ) Networking/Security 12 ) Software 13 ) Programming 14 ) Opensource 15 ) Database 16 ) Internet 17 ) Wireless 18 ) Mobile Computing 19 ) Graphics 20 ) Multimedia 21 ) Gadgets 22 ) Others 23 ) VOIP 24 ) Adobe 25 ) Apple Mac 26 ) Autodesk 27 ) Cisco 28 ) Citrix 29 ) Google 30 ) IBM 31 ) Microsoft 32 ) Oracle 33 ) PHP 34 ) SUN 35 ) Imac

Emotion - Unit 4

Emotion Idioms

Here are some emotional idioms to tell people whether you're happy, sad or angry.

:-)

from http://www.english-at-home.com/idioms/english-idioms-of-emotion/

All these idioms mean that you are absolutely delighted!

over the moon: "He was over the moon when he heard the news."

thrilled to bits: "She was thrilled to bits with her new bicycle."

in seventh heaven: "They were in seventh heaven when they learned they'd won a cruise."

on cloud nine: "When I got the job, I was on cloud nine for several weeks."

jump for joy: "We jumped for joy when we got the mortgage."

:-(

These idioms mean you are feeling sad.

down in the dumps: "When she left him, he was down in the dumps for a couple of weeks."

feel blue: "She felt a little blue when she lost her job."

beside yourself (with grief, worry): "When her son went missing, she was beside herself with worry."

Annoyed because you have missed an opportunity

sick as a parrot: "He was as sick as a parrot when he realised he had thrown away his lottery ticket."

:-V

These idioms mean that you are very angry.

see red: "Don't talk to him about his boss – it just makes him see red!"

hopping mad: "She was hopping mad when she found out her daughter had disobeyed her."

in a black mood: "Be careful what you say – she's in a black mood today."

Less angry idioms.

cheesed off: "I was really cheesed off when I lost the competition."

to not be on speaking terms: "They're not on speaking terms at the moment after their row."

To be off someone's Christmas card list: "Oh dear. I think I'm off her Christmas card list after insulting her husband!"

have a downer on someone: "What's John done? You seem to have a real downer on him."

rub someone up the wrong way: "Those two are always arguing. They just seem to rub each other up the wrong way."

In desperation

These idioms mean you don't know what to do.

at the end of your tether: "I just can't cope. I'm at the end of my tether with all these bills and debts."

at your wits' end: "He's at his wits' end. He's tried everything to solve the problem, but nothing has worked."

Metaphor

pronounced: MET-uh-for

	All the world's a stage, And all the men and women merely players They have their exits and their entrances
	William Shakespeare

A metaphor is a figure of speech that says that one thing is another different thing. This allows us to use fewer words and forces the reader or listener to find the similarities.

The word metaphor comes from the Greek word metapherin (meaning "transfer").

The simplest form of metaphor is: "The [first thing] is a [second thing]."

Look at this example:

• Her home was a prison.

In the above sentence, we understand immediately that her home had some of the characteristics of a prison. Mainly, we imagine, she could not leave her home. She was trapped inside. Why it was a prison we do not know, but that would be clear from the context--perhaps her husband forced her to stay at home, perhaps she was afraid of the outside. We don't know, but the rest of the story would tell us. What is important here is that in five simple words we understand a lot about her environment, how she felt and how she behaved. In this sentence, "prison" is a metaphor.

Look at another example:

• George is a sheep.

What is one characteristic of sheep? They follow each other. So we can imagine that George is a follower, not a leader. In this sentence "sheep" is a metaphor.

Metaphors are very common in everyday language. But poets also like to use metaphors. In the following famous verse (from The Highwayman by Alfred Noyes), can you spot three metaphors in the first three lines?

The wind was a torrent of darkness among the gusty trees,
The moon was a ghostly galleon tossed upon cloudy seas,
The road was a ribbon of moonlight over the purple moor,
And the highwayman came riding--
Riding--riding--
The highwayman came riding, up to the old inn-door.

Look at these examples of metaphors with sample sentences and meanings:

Metaphor example	Metaphorical sense	Original sense
I'm not an angel, but I wouldn't behave like that.	exemplary person	a spiritual being believed to be a messenger of God
America is a melting pot.	place where different peoples, styles and cultures are mixed together	a container in which metals or other materials are melted and mixed
John is a real pigwhen he eats.	greedy person	a four-legged animal kept for meat (pork)
My father is a rock.	very strong or reliable person	a hard, mineral material made of stone
How could she marry a snake like that!	traitor	a long, limbless reptile (eg: cobra, python, viper)
The policeman let him off with a yellow card.	warning	(in soccer) a yellow card that the referee shows to players when cautioning them

All the above metaphors (the simplest form) are nouns. But there are other ways of making metaphors, for example with verbs or adjectives. Here are some examples:

Metaphor example	Original sense of the word (example)
The committee shot her ideas down one by one.	Anti-aircraft guns shoot down planes.
The private detective dug up enough evidence to convince the police to act.	Dogs like to bury bones and dig them up later.
He broke into her conversation.	Burglars break into buildings.
The new movie was very popular. Peopleflocked to see it.	Birds flock together before they migrate.
His head was spinning with ideas.	Some computer hard drives spin at over 10,000 revolutions per minute.
Reading that book kindled my interest in politics.	You need to start with twigs and small branches when you kindle a camp fire.
Tim lost his job after a heated argument with his boss.	We have a heated swimming pool.
The new car's sexy design increased sales for the company.	Some women think that lipstick makes them look sexy.
He was dressed rather vulgarly in a loudchecked suit.	I can't hear you because the radio is too loud.
It wasn't long before their relationship turnedsour.	Sour food has an acid taste like lemon or vinegar.

Difference Between Metaphor and Simile
Both similes and metaphors link one thing to another. A simile usually uses "as" or "like". A metaphor is a condensed simile, a shortcut to meaning, which omits "as" or "like." A metaphor creates a relationship directly and leaves more to the imagination. With simile A is like B. With metaphor A is B.

simile	metaphor
Your eyes are like the sun.	You are my sunshine.
He eats like a pig. He lives like a pig.	He is a pig.

Dead Metaphors
In the phrase "to grasp the concept" the physical action "to grasp" is used as a metaphor for "to understand" (which is non-physical). But this phrase has been used so often that most English speakers do not have an image of the physical action in their mind. This metaphor has died; it is a "dead metaphor".

Mixed Metaphors
The awkward use of two or more different metaphors at the same time is normally best avoided. It creates conflicting images in the reader or listener's mind, reduces each metaphor's impact, and generally causes confusion. Look at this example:

• America is a melting pot where new ideas are kindled.

from http://www.englishclub.com/vocabulary/figures-metaphor.htm